句子拆分：

　?。?4）in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—— with all the far-reaching changes in social patternsthatfollowedwas spreadover nearly a century,whereasnowadays a developing nationmay undergothe same process in a decade or so.

　　furthermore再者，另外

　　（4）兩個(gè)that主語(yǔ)從句間接翻譯，無(wú)需調(diào)整順序。

　?。?2）Under modern conditions, thisrequiresvarying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.

　?。?）骨干結(jié)構(gòu)是Additional social stresses may also occur because of...簡(jiǎn)略句+ because of示意的緣由狀語(yǔ)。整句翻譯應(yīng)該根據(jù)先緣由后結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)則，將主句放在最后。

　?。?）定語(yǔ)從句that followed潤(rùn)色changes，較短小，采取前置法，翻譯到changes前，即“隨之而來(lái)的各種深入的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)變革”。

　　introduce推出，采取，施行

　　modern means of transport現(xiàn)代交通工具

　　the strength of a country's economy一個(gè)國(guó)度的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力

　　Under modern conditions, //this requires varying measures of centralized control //and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.

　　arising from由……惹起，產(chǎn)生于，來(lái)自于

　　and hence因此，從而

　　mass-communications公眾通信

　?。?）如今停止時(shí)態(tài)are feeling... and are being...需求用在漢語(yǔ)譯文中有所表現(xiàn)，添加“正，正在，專(zhuān)業(yè)翻譯公司，始終”等詞匯。

　　centralized control地方管制，地方調(diào)控

　　解析：

　　句子拆分：

　　（2）additional “額外的，新的，附加的”，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境抉擇詞義，“新的”更適合，此詞在2004年84題考過(guò)。